{
  "standard": "FactUnion Standard v1",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-21T12:10:10.805Z",
  "title": "The Letter: What a Filing Date Is Worth",
  "date": "2026-10-25",
  "facts": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "claim": "17 U.S.C. § 412 provides that \"no award of statutory damages or of attorney's fees, as provided by sections 504 and 505, shall be made for\" infringements that began before the effective date of registration.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/412",
          "title": "17 U.S. Code § 412 - Registration as prerequisite to certain remedies for infringement"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title17/html/USCODE-2023-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title17/html/USCODE-2024-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "claim": "For published works, § 412 makes an exception \"unless such registration is made within three months after the first publication of the work.\"",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/412",
          "title": "17 U.S. Code § 412 - Registration as prerequisite to certain remedies for infringement"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title17/html/USCODE-2023-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title17/html/USCODE-2024-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "claim": "A registration's effective date is the date the Copyright Office receives the last of three items (application, deposit copy and fee), and a refused registration gets no backdated effective date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://tomjameslaw.com/ufaq/copyright-registration-effective-date/",
          "title": "What is the effective date of copyright registration? | Thomas B. James Esq."
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (Thomas B. James Esq.); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "claim": "The House Report (H.R. 94-1476) said that because registration of published works would no longer be compulsory, it \"should therefore be induced in some practical way.\"",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/412",
          "title": "17 U.S. Code § 412 - Registration as prerequisite to certain remedies for infringement"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title17/html/USCODE-2023-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://uscode.ecfr.io/title/17/section/412",
          "title": "17 U.S.C. § 412 | Registration as prerequisite to certain…"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "claim": "The House Report said the three-month grace period exists for \"newsworthy or suddenly popular works which may be infringed almost as soon as they are published.\"",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/412",
          "title": "17 U.S. Code § 412 - Registration as prerequisite to certain remedies for infringement"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title17/html/USCODE-2023-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://uscode.ecfr.io/title/17/section/412",
          "title": "17 U.S.C. § 412 | Registration as prerequisite to certain…"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "claim": "According to the House Report, an owner who registers late still has an injunction and \"actual damages plus any applicable profits.\"",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/412",
          "title": "17 U.S. Code § 412 - Registration as prerequisite to certain remedies for infringement"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title17/html/USCODE-2023-title17-chap4-sec412.htm",
          "title": "U.S.C. Title 17"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://uscode.ecfr.io/title/17/section/412",
          "title": "17 U.S.C. § 412 | Registration as prerequisite to certain…"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "claim": "Statutory damages run $750 to $30,000 per work, up to $150,000 if the infringement is willful and as low as $200 if it is innocent, and attorney's fees under § 505 are discretionary even with timely registration.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://fedlaws.org/17-usc-412-registration-statutory-damages-and-attorneys-fees/",
          "title": "17 USC 412: Registration, Statutory Damages, and Attorney’s Fees"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mclaw.io/blog/copyright-damages-and-remedies--statutory-damages-profits-injunctions-and-fees",
          "title": "Copyright Damages and Remedies: Statutory Damages, Profits, Injunctions, and Fees"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://outsideipcounsel.com/guides/copyright-statutory-damages/",
          "title": "Copyright Statutory Damages: What You Could Actually Owe"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "claim": "In June 2020, in Liebowitz v. Bandshell Artist Management, Judge Jesse Furman ordered Richard Liebowitz and his firm to pay more than $83,000 in attorney fees plus $20,000 for falsely claiming a copyright was registered before suit.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer-deemed-copyright-troll-must-file-sanctions-opinion-in-all-his-cases-2nd-circuit-agrees",
          "title": "Lawyer deemed 'copyright troll' must file sanctions opinion in all his cases, 2nd Circuit agrees"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4902222/liebowitz-v-bandshell-artist-management/",
          "title": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4902222/liebowitz-v-bandshell-artist-management/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ipandmedialaw.fkks.com/post/102gafz/court-sanctions-liebowitz-103k-requires-service-of-a-copy-of-the-order-on-all",
          "title": "Court sanctions Liebowitz $103K! Requires service of a copy of the order on all of his clients and filing in all of his cases!! But can the Court do that? (via Passle)"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "claim": "Furman wrote: \"The simple fact is that Mr. Liebowitz has a problem: He does not feel constrained by the truth and, when cornered, has no compunction about lying, even under oath.\"",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer-deemed-copyright-troll-must-file-sanctions-opinion-in-all-his-cases-2nd-circuit-agrees",
          "title": "Lawyer deemed 'copyright troll' must file sanctions opinion in all his cases, 2nd Circuit agrees"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/copyright-lawyer-with-ignominious-record-must-pay-100k-in-sanctions-2nd-circuit-says",
          "title": "Copyright lawyer with ‘ignominious record’ must pay over $100K in sanctions, 2nd Circuit says"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "claim": "Furman's Bandshell opinion called Liebowitz \"one of the most frequently sanctioned lawyers, if not the most frequently sanctioned lawyer\" in the Southern District of New York, and listed 40 cases criticizing him.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer-deemed-copyright-troll-must-file-sanctions-opinion-in-all-his-cases-2nd-circuit-agrees",
          "title": "Lawyer deemed 'copyright troll' must file sanctions opinion in all his cases, 2nd Circuit agrees"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (abajournal.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "claim": "Furman ordered Liebowitz to serve the opinion on current clients and in pending and newly filed cases for a year, and to attach copyright registrations to every infringement case filed in the next year; the Second Circuit upheld the nationwide scope in a June 25 summary order.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer-deemed-copyright-troll-must-file-sanctions-opinion-in-all-his-cases-2nd-circuit-agrees",
          "title": "Lawyer deemed 'copyright troll' must file sanctions opinion in all his cases, 2nd Circuit agrees"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (abajournal.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "claim": "Per Reuters as cited by the ABA Journal, the Southern District's grievance committee ordered an interim suspension of Liebowitz in November 2020, pending investigation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer-deemed-copyright-troll-must-file-sanctions-opinion-in-all-his-cases-2nd-circuit-agrees",
          "title": "Lawyer deemed 'copyright troll' must file sanctions opinion in all his cases, 2nd Circuit agrees"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://today.westlaw.com/Document/I7d1dbce0342411ebbdd7f54cfe4d9411/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)",
          "title": "'Copyright troll' Richard Liebowitz suspended from Manhattan federal court"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "claim": "In a separate opinion ordering $8,745 in fees to NBCUniversal over a raccoon photo, Furman wrote that Liebowitz \"has earned the dubious distinction of being a regular target of sanctions-related motions and orders.\"",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/judge-sanctions-litigious-copyright-lawyer-notes-growing-body-of-law-on-when-to-punish-him",
          "title": "Judge sanctions controversial copyright lawyer, notes 'growing body of law' on when to punish him"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://edwardkundahlweb.wordpress.com/2019/07/12/judge-sanctions-controversial-copyright-lawyer-notes-growing-body-of-law-on-when-to-punish-him/",
          "title": "Judge sanctions controversial copyright lawyer, notes ‘growing body of law’ on when to punish him"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://edwardrkundahlsite.wordpress.com/2019/07/12/judge-sanctions-controversial-copyright-lawyer-notes-growing-body-of-law-on-when-to-punish-him/",
          "title": "Judge sanctions controversial copyright lawyer, notes ‘growing body of law’ on when to punish him"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (abajournal.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "claim": "The ABA Journal reported that Liebowitz had filed more than 700 copyright suits in Manhattan federal court since 2016.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/judge-sanctions-litigious-copyright-lawyer-notes-growing-body-of-law-on-when-to-punish-him",
          "title": "Judge sanctions controversial copyright lawyer, notes 'growing body of law' on when to punish him"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (abajournal.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "claim": "Above the Law reported on March 14, 2024 that New York disbarred Liebowitz, and that the order recites, among other findings, that he disobeyed Magistrate Judge Debra Freeman's order to produce registration documents.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.abovethelaw.com/legal-innovation-center/2024/03/14/new-york-disbars-infamous-copyright-troll/",
          "title": "New York Disbars Infamous Copyright Troll"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://abovethelaw.com/2024/03/new-york-disbars-infamous-copyright-troll/",
          "title": "New York Disbars Infamous Copyright Troll"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "claim": "In Fugnetti v. Bird B Gone (C.D. Cal., No. 8:19-cv-00847-SK, Magistrate Judge Steve Kim), judgment on the verdict ordered that the Dennis Fugnetti Photography Trust recover $1,175,420.18 from Bird B Gone, LLC, an entry CaseMine dates December 14, 2022.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://rangefinderonline.com/news-features/industry-news/after-company-tries-to-copyright-his-photo-photographer-wins-almost-1-2m/",
          "title": "After Bird B Gone Inc. Tries to Copyright Photo, Photographer Wins Almost $1.2M"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "corrected",
      "note": "Source corrected: the page first cited was read and is about something else; the sources listed state this.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "claim": "The Higbee release describes the award as \"over $1.17 million in profits\" from retail products sold in packaging bearing the photo, and the jury rejected Bird B Gone's implied-license defense.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.higbeeassociates.com/higbee-associates-secures-1175000-jury-verdict-in-copyright-infringement-claim/",
          "title": "Higbee & Associates Secures $1,175,000 Jury Verdict in Copyright Infringement Claim"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cepic.org/post/higbee-associates-secures-1175000-jury-verdict-in-copyright-infringement-claim-0",
          "title": "CEPIC Website"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (higbeeassociates.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": true,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "claim": "The Fugnetti docket shows the cross-appeals (Ninth Circuit Nos. 23-55048 and 23-55092) voluntarily dismissed by stipulation in April 2023, and costs of $6,664.38 taxed against the defendant on May 2, 2023.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/28104653/Dennis_Fugnetti_v_Bird_B_Gone_Inc_et_al",
          "title": "Dennis Fugnetti v. Bird B Gone Inc et al (8:19-cv-00847), California Central District Court"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (pacermonitor.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "claim": "Judge Mark C. Scarsi entered a judgment against Pacifica awarding $150,000 in statutory damages for each of 42 willfully infringed photographs, totaling $6,300,000.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://courtdocket.org/pacifica-senior-living-lawsuit-neglect-copyright-and-chapter-7/",
          "title": "Pacifica Senior Living Lawsuit: Neglect, Copyright, and Chapter 7"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "corrected",
      "note": "Corrected defendant to \"Pacifica\" per evidence, dropped unverified LLC name and case number; 42 works, $150,000 each, $6.3M total are supported. Kept on a lower-weight source; nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "claim": "The Hargis judgment was registered in the Southern District of California on February 14, 2025, a writ of execution followed on February 18, 2025, and certificates of service for a bank-account levy were filed in March 2025.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/56885311/Hargis_v_Pacifica_Senior_Living_Management_LLC",
          "title": "Hargis v. Pacifica Senior Living Management LLC (3:25-mc-00224), California Southern District Court"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (pacermonitor.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "claim": "CCB awards are capped at $15,000 per work and $30,000 per case.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ccb.gov/faq/",
          "title": "Frequently Asked Questions"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://natlawreview.com/article/when-federal-court-too-much-copyright-small-claims-and-case-registration",
          "title": "When Federal Court Is Too Much: Copyright Small Claims and the Case for Registration"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.wardandsmith.com/article/when-federal-court-is-too-much-copyright-small-claims-and-the-case-for-registration",
          "title": "When Federal Court Is Too Much: Copyright Small Claims and the Case for Registration"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "corrected",
      "note": "Original said $15,000 per claim; evidence says per work infringed. The $30,000 per case cap is correct. The 60-day opt-out detail is not in the evidence, so it was dropped.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 22,
      "claim": "Ward and Smith reports that through March 2026 the CCB had issued 25 contested final determinations and 22 default determinations, with 155 settlements.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wardandsmith.com/article/when-federal-court-is-too-much-copyright-small-claims-and-the-case-for-registration",
          "title": "When Federal Court Is Too Much: Copyright Small Claims and the Case for Registration"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://natlawreview.com/article/when-federal-court-too-much-copyright-small-claims-and-case-registration",
          "title": "When Federal Court Is Too Much: Copyright Small Claims and the Case for Registration"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/when-federal-court-is-too-much-2489508/",
          "title": "When Federal Court Is Too Much: Copyright Small Claims and the Case for Registration | Ward and Smith, P.A. - JDSupra"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 23,
      "claim": "Melissa Eckhause found that in the CCB's first year pro se parties filed 73% of claims, and over 50% of those claims were dismissed before service on the defendant for not complying with filing requirements.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=5360859",
          "title": "Closed Doors to Justice: How the Copyright Claims Board is Shutting Out Pro Se Litigants by Melissa Eckhause :: SSRN"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 24,
      "claim": "The CCB awarded $1,000 in statutory damages in Oppenheimer v. Prutton (Feb 28, 2023), and $3,000 by default in Hursey v. Lavaca LLC (Aug 24, 2023), based on photographer Dana Hursey's normal licensing fees; Hursey v. Quinney and Hursey v. Hakimian Global got the same $3,000.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://copyrightalliance.org/ccb-final-determinations/",
          "title": "The 12 CCB Final Determinations"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (copyrightalliance.org); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 25,
      "claim": "The Copyright Office opened its CASE Act study with a Notice of Inquiry on March 10, 2025, receiving 20 initial comments (including ImageRights and the Digital Media Licensing Association) and 3 replies (including the National Press Photographers Association).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.hrfmlaw.com/ip-frontiers-copyright-claims-board-overview-and-statistics/",
          "title": "IP Frontiers: Copyright Claims Board"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nydailyrecord.com/2025/08/11/the-copyright-claims-board-overview-and-statistics/",
          "title": "The Copyright Claims Board – Overview and statistics - NY Daily Record"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (hrfmlaw.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 26,
      "claim": "Vendor blog PixGuard says retroactive-license demands to small businesses often open at $1,000 to $8,000 for one image, settle at 30 to 60% of the demand, and carry 10 to 14 day deadlines.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pixguard.io/blog/copyright-demand-letter-settlement-negotiation",
          "title": "Copyright demand letter settlement: a practical guide"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (pixguard.io); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    },
    {
      "n": 27,
      "claim": "In stock photographer Robert Kneschke's survey of 58 photographers, Shutterstock's AI Contributor Fund paid a median of $0.0069 per portfolio image, paid every six months.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://pxlmag.com/shutterstocks-ai-contributor-fund-likely-disbursed-4-million",
          "title": "Shutterstock’s AI Contributor Fund Likely Disbursed $4 Million+"
        }
      ],
      "verdict": "verified",
      "note": "Kept on a lower-weight source (pxlmag.com); nothing we found says otherwise.",
      "quote": false,
      "usedInEpisode": true
    }
  ],
  "removed": [
    {
      "claim": "Higbee & Associates' release says Fugnetti shot the bird-in-flight photo in 1999, that Bird B Gone used it for nearly 15 years after the relationship ended, including on packaging sold at Home Depot and Lowe's, and that Fugnetti died in 2020, after which his daughter, as trustee of his trust, continued the case.",
      "reason": "PetaPixel states something different: \"Fugnetti’s lawyers now represent Fugnetti’s daughter following the photographer’s “unexpected” death in 2019.\"."
    },
    {
      "claim": "From June 2022 to March 2025 the CCB received 1,222 claims; 470 were dismissed after compliance review, 187 for lack of valid proof of service, 114 respondents opted out, 94 settled, and there were 14 contested and 21 default final determinations.",
      "reason": "Only one source states this: hrfmlaw.com."
    }
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        {
          "k": 3,
          "claim": "Liebowitz filed more than 700 copyright suits in the Manhattan federal courthouse since 2016.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: abajournal.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 8,
          "claim": "PixGuard says demands sent to small businesses often open at about $1,000 to $8,000 for one image.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: pixguard.io."
        },
        {
          "k": 9,
          "claim": "PixGuard says demands sent to small businesses settle at 30 to 60 percent of the opening amount.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: pixguard.io."
        },
        {
          "k": 10,
          "claim": "Demand letters carry deadlines of 10 to 14 days, according to PixGuard.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: pixguard.io."
        },
        {
          "k": 17,
          "claim": "Attorney's fees in copyright cases are available only if the judge decides to award them, even when the work was registered on time.",
          "reasonText": "Only lower-weight sources state this: fedlaws.org and 1 more."
        },
        {
          "k": 19,
          "claim": "ShotBreak lets clients who book through a photographer's own site split the total into three payments.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: shotbreak.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 29,
          "claim": "If the Copyright Office refuses a registration, no backdated effective date is given.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: fedlaws.org."
        },
        {
          "k": 34,
          "claim": "A photographer who registers late can still get a court injunction to stop the infringement.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: perspireip.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 42,
          "claim": "The Second Circuit upheld the nationwide scope of Furman's sanctions order.",
          "reasonText": "Only lower-weight sources state this: soylentnews.org and 1 more."
        },
        {
          "k": 51,
          "claim": "The winning firm's release says the jury rejected Bird B Gone's implied-license defense.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: cepic.org."
        },
        {
          "k": 53,
          "claim": "The winning firm's release gives December 15, 2022 as the date of the Fugnetti judgment.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: cepic.org."
        },
        {
          "k": 55,
          "claim": "Both appeals in the Fugnetti case were voluntarily dismissed in April 2023.",
          "reasonText": "Only lower-weight sources state this: docketbird.com and 1 more."
        },
        {
          "k": 58,
          "claim": "Judge Mark Scarsi entered the judgment in the Hargis case against Pacifica Senior Living.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: docs.justia.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 61,
          "claim": "The Hargis judgment was registered in the Southern District of California on February 14, 2025.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: pacermonitor.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 70,
          "claim": "Copyright Claims Board awards are capped at $15,000 per work and $30,000 per case.",
          "reasonText": "ccb.gov gives context that changes the meaning. Our summary: The $15,000 per-work cap and $30,000 per-proceeding cap apply to timely-registered works; otherwise $7,500 per work and $15,000 per proceeding."
        },
        {
          "k": 72,
          "claim": "Ward and Smith counted the Copyright Claims Board's output through March 2026: 25 contested final determinations, 22 default determinations and 155 settlements.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: wardandsmith.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 79,
          "claim": "Dennis Fugnetti died in 2020.",
          "reasonText": "Reliable sources disagree about this."
        },
        {
          "k": 81,
          "claim": "The Fugnetti case went to a jury and ended in a judgment.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: rangefinderonline.com."
        },
        {
          "k": 85,
          "claim": "ImageRights, the Digital Media Licensing Association and the National Press Photographers Association sent comments to the Copyright Office study.",
          "reasonText": "Only one source states this: hrfmlaw.com."
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}